AFRO-Americ@: Jackie Robinson: Race Was an Issue

RACE WAS AN ISSUE



Without any doubt, race was the defining issue for the integration of baseball and for much of Jackie Robinson's negative experiences in baseball.

When Jackie turned up in Cuba for the 1947 spring training, several Dodger players signed a petition refusing to play. Their protest was shortlived because Rickey threatened to fire all the protesters.

Games on the road were especially difficult: Jackie couldn't room with the white players in some towns and fans and rival players took every opportunity to target Jackie. His first series with Philadelphia was one such brutal occasion. Led by manager Ben Chapman, the Phillies verbally assaulted Robinson with racial slurs every time he would go on the field.

Runners intentionally went after him, when he played at second base, and occasionally spiked him. In St Louis, the Cardinals tried to organize a strike against Jackie and the Dodgers in 1947, hoping other teams would follow suit. But the story was leaked and National League president, Ford Frick defended Jackie and threatened to suspend any player that went on strike. Fellow teammates like Pee Wee Reese, also publicly defended Jackie's right to play.

But, through it all Jackie remained silent even though he wanted to respond verbally and physically. Jackie was forced to honor the two year agreement he had with Rickey. Rickey insisted that Jackie could not respond to any of the inevitable racial taunts or attacks; he had to live a life on the field and off that was circumspect and without fault, so as not to further infuriate whites and derail the integration experiment.

Jackie and the black community had to bare the burden for the morality of the white community. Rickey even met with black community leaders and erected signs in the black section of the ballpark, encouraging black spectators to control their own behavior and not respond to any expressed racism. He believed that the actions of black spectators could affect Jackie's acceptance by the white community.

Threats on his life were the most severe of racist attacks. In 1951, Jackie received one particularly threatening letter warning against playing at Crosley field in Cincinnati. The FBI investigated the threats and undercover agents were assigned to patrol the stadium. Fortunately, the game proceeded without incident.

Jackie did not let racist ignorance stop him from performing or eventually, from speaking out against injustice. The key to his success was his ability to challenge injustice without compromising his personal integrity and beliefs.




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