AFRO-Americ@: Jackie Robinson: Cleanup Hitter





The Big Leagues
LATE INNINGS:
Final at Bat
Race Was an Issue

For answers press hyperlinked text.


  • When did Jackie Play his first game in the major leagues?
  • What was Jackie's highest batting average in the major leagues?
  • Who was the second player signed to the Dodgers' roster?
  • What team beat the Dodgers four (4) times in the World Series between 1947 and 1953?
  • LATE INNINGS:

  • In his final years in baseball Jackie no longer exhibited the same speed and defensive brilliance, a)What was his lowest batting average?
    b)When did his team win his first and only World Series?
    c)When did Jackie retire from professional baseball?
  • Because race was an issue in the integration of baseball what agreement did Jackie have with Branch Rickey? For how long?
  • Despite the issues of race what was the key to Jackie Robinson's success?


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    THE BIG LEAGUES


    On April 10, 1947 the Dodgers issued a press release stating, "Brooklyn announces the purchase of Jack Roosevelt Robinson from Montreal." With a signed contract and a $5000 salary, Jackie Robinson played his first game in the Major Leagues on April 15, 1947.

    His first major league game was uneventful. While he did hit the ball hard, he grounded out each time and ended the game hitless. Critics saw this as validation that he lacked the necessary talent to play with white players.

    However, Jackie was undeniably affected by the microscopic analysis of his every move. Coupled with racial taunts from the stands, Jackie began doubting his own ability to successfully handle all the pressures.

    Jackie's first hit, a bunt single, came in his second game and his first homerun came in game three. Jackie went on to hit .297 and lead the league in stolen bases with 29. The Dodgers won the league pennant but lost the World Series to the New York Yankees. Jackie was named Rookie of the Year.

    Jackie's sophomore season, 1948, started rather slowly and did not come to life until the middle of the season. He was relocated from first base to second base and paired with Pee Wee Reese at shortstop to create a dynamite defensive team up the middle.

    Roy Campanella was the second black player to join the Dodger team that year. His addition to the team was significant because it diluted the public focus on Jackie and they provided support and experiential understanding for each other.

    Despite his slow start, Jackie ended the season leading the team in hitting with a .296 average; he had 12 home runs and 85 runs batted in. However, the Dodgers finished in third place.

    Jackie's most controversial period began in his third season. Jackie was no longer bound by his two year commitment to silence and passive resistance. He began the season by challenging other teams to play him rough as he intended to play them rough. Jackie was reprimanded because this was interpreted as a veiled threat that could insight racial trouble.

    Jackie took every opportunity to express his political and social views and was even invited to testify before the House Un-American Activities Committee in July of 1949. He was testifying in response to statements made by renowned actor, Paul Robeson denouncing blacks fighting for the U.S. against the Soviet Union. Jackie's statement not only reaffirmed his commitment to American ideals, he also made it clear he would continue to fight against racial discrimination in the U.S.

    The 1949 season was also Jackie's best professionally. He led the league offensively with a .342 batting average, and 37 stolen bases and defensively for turning the most number of double plays. He was named the National League's Most Valuable Player and with a new contract, his salary was increased to $35,000. The Dodgers won the National League pennant but again lost the World Series to the New York Yankees.

    In 1950, Branch Rickey resigned as president of the Dodgers and was replaced by Walter O'Malley. From 1950 through to 1954, Dodger fans experienced a series of championship heartbreaks. In 1951's late season play, the Dodgers beat the Phillies because of Jackie's defensive play and late innings offensive heroics and tied the New York Giants for first place. However, they later lost the three game tie-breaking playoff for the National League crown.

    In 1952, the Dodgers won the National League pennant but again lost the World Series to the New York Yankees. Jackie's batting average was disappointing, plummeting below .200 for the series. He was also losing the public relations battle in the press. Jackie's outspokenness was constantly compared to Campanella's more reserved and reclusive style, but Jackie was undeterred.

    The Dodgers won the National League Pennant in 1953 and again lost the World Series to the New York Yankees. Jackie's performance on the field that season was impressive: he had a batting average of .329 and scored over 109 runs during the season; he had a .320 average during the playoffs.




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